Study of Brand and Brand Valuation Methods The WritePass Journal

Investigation of Brand and Brand Valuation Methods Presentation Investigation of Brand and Brand Valuation Methods Introduction Organisation Background Rationale for the Chosen TopicStatement of the Problem in Valuing BrandsResearch QuestionsObjectives of the DissertationLiterature ReviewWhat Is A Brand?What is Goodwill?What is Brand Equity?The Development of Brand Valuation:Brand Valuation Methods  Research Methodology, Data Collection Methods and Data AnalysisDesk Research ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS:ReferencesManuchehr Shahrokhi, Professor of Finance, Department of Finance, Craig School of Business, California State University-Fresno, California, USABibliographyRelated Presentation A company’s brand picture (Goodwill) or brand valuation assumes an imperative job in the cutting edge business world. This has lead to the valuation of brands, which was very incredible in past decades.â In this exposition I endeavor to dissect and comprehend different brand valuation strategies, its benefits and the way it’s spoke to utilizing the diverse bookkeeping arrangements and/or techniques over the different bookkeeping bodies worldwide.â The fundamental goal of the thesis is to comprehend different valuation model that will withstand the different bookkeeping bodies just as fulfill the individual country’s rules and guidelines. The foundations of marking is apparent in old civilisations and some investigation shows even before Birth of Christ and thisâ is clear from archeological unearthings in which we can discover certain images or markings in earthenware, coins and Arts. It was not until the twelfth century trademarks were utilized to recognize each manufacturer’s products just as measure their quality. At the end of the day in the early occasions, brand names were not just used to recognize various products which are comparative yet additionally recognize their quality (Sudharshan, 1995). The estimation of a brand is demonstrated by how much cash an organization pays so as to gain them. These may shift from brand to mark, anyway organizations are set up to follow through on a decent cost for choice brands. For a model Procter and Gamble paid 2.6 occasions Richardson-Vicks’ book esteem, Nabisco sold for 3.2 occasions book worth, and General Foods sold for 3.5 occasions book esteem (Business Week, 1995). This report will examine the current brand valuation approachs and it’s hugeness in a company’s choice and require a sound promoting and money related view. By and large the advertising and monetary methodologies in this issue contrast to a great extent and today’s serious market condition has made these two callings to cooperate in such manner. Brands are generally seen as execution measures and significant component dynamic procedure. Numerous huge corporate companies’ requests sovereignties from auxiliaries for utilizing their image name and this has made specialists, for example, charge and monetary controllers to normalize the procedure of brand valuation. Brand valuation will be a significant measure to assess corporate exhibitions in this century. Speculators progressively interest for more noteworthy divulgence of brand valuation and it’s the money related manager’s obligation to guarantee that such information’s are satisfactorily furnished with the financial specialists. This has brought to receive a standard brand valuation strategy/technique in organization accounts.  Organisation Background This thesis isn't about a particular association brand valuation. It expects to cover many blue chip associations bookkeeping medicines in Brand Valuing. Predominantly this investigation will include understanding the bookkeeping treatment of bookkeeping bodies and bookkeeping gauges and so on. The predominant model of marking in the twentieth century was the maker as super promoter. McKinsey (1994) accepts that the conventional model of marking is not, at this point the main way, nor would it be able to rule later on. As per Murphy (1990), brand is an intricate marvel: â€Å"not just it is the real item, yet it is additionally the one of a kind property of a particular proprietor and has been created after some time in order to grasp a lot of esteems and qualities both substantial and elusive which definitively and fittingly separate items which are in any case very similar.† These progressions have provoked today’s business world to place an incentive into marking and in this manner has the made the idea of Brand Equity or Goodwill of an organization.  Rationale for the Chosen Topic In acknowledgment of different valuation techniques and distinctive bookkeeping bodies treat the Brand esteems in a critical position Sheet contrastingly on the loose. This exposition will answer â€Å"How organizations figure and reveal brand an incentive in money related statements†. Climate scientist will ready to recognize and build up a legitimate Brand Valuation recipe in this thesis? Explanation of the Problem in Valuing Brands Since the late 1980’s, it has become basic that an organization perceives a brand as an elusive consent and subsequently remember them for their fiscal summaries. The principle explanation behind this was an influx of acquisitions that occurred in that time that helped uncovered the shrouded an incentive in highlys incorporate, Nestlã © purchasing Rowntree, Danone buying Nabisco’s European business and Grand Metropolitan purchasing Pillsbury. Be that as it may, bookkeeping bodies all through the world vary over how brand valuation ought to be finished. The expert bodies have seemed dubious as how to determine the issue of brand valuation. It happens as a result of the absence of comprehension and direction over bookkeeping treatment of brands. A significant part of the vulnerability related with brands is in regards to the relationship with altruism and other immaterial resources. There is genuine disarray about the differentiation among brands and different resources, for example, generosity or trademark. This trouble prompts further issues when concluding how to gauge and report them in fiscal summaries. Exploration Questions So as to gather a report on Brand Valuation Methods I aim to discover answers to the accompanying exploration questions: What comprise Brand and Brand Equity? What are the issues in esteeming a Brand? What are the accessible Brand Valuation strategies? How does USA, UK and Indian Chartered Accounting Bodies esteem Brand? What is an adequate and orchestrated Brand Valuation model? Destinations of the Dissertation To comprehend the criticalness of Brands and how they have created every once in a while. To comprehend the Brand Equity Concept Different Valuation Methods in Valuing a Brand. To comprehend the Marketing and Finance points of view of brand value and how it will be introduced and coordinated, and their interrelationships in an Organization. To break down 4 budgetary records of huge Blue Chip organizations and their treatment as Intangible resources in the Accounts Writing Review What Is A Brand? â€Å"If this business were to be separated, I would be happy to take the brands, trademarks and altruism and you could have all the blocks and mortar and I wouldâ passage better than you†  â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â  â â â â â â â â (John Stuart, Former Chairman of Quaker Oats Ltd) This announcement of John Stuart accentuate the significance of the brand. At the end of the day a â€Å"name, term, sign, image, or plan, or a mix of them, expected to recognize the products and enterprises of one dealer or gathering of venders and to separate them from those of competition† is arranged as a Brand. Besides, a Brand additionally assists with making mindfulness, notoriety, unmistakable quality, and more in the commercial center. What is Goodwill? Generosity in fiscal summaries emerges when an organization is bought for more than the reasonable estimation of the recognizable resources of the organization. The contrast between the price tag and the aggregate of the reasonable estimation of the net resources is by definition the estimation of the generosity of the bought organization. The obtaining organization must perceive altruism as a benefit in its budget reports and present it as a different detail on the monetary record, as indicated by the current buy bookkeeping strategy. In this sense, altruism fills in as the adjusting total that permits one firm to give bookkeeping data in regards to its acquisition of another firm at a cost generously not the same as its book esteem. Altruism can be negative, emerging where the net resources at the date of obtaining, genuinely esteemed, surpass the expense of securing. Negative altruism is perceived as an obligation. For instance, a product organization may have net resources (compr ising principally of incidental gear, and expecting no obligation) esteemed at $1 million, however the companys by and large worth (counting brand, clients, scholarly capital) is esteemed at $10 million. Anyone purchasing that organization would book $10 million in complete resources obtained, involving $1 million physical resources, and $9 million in altruism. Altruism has no foreordained an incentive preceding the securing; its greatness relies upon the two different factors by definition. What is Brand Equity? The objective of the brand authority point is to make solid brands †yet what is a solid brand? In Managing Brand Equity, brand value is characterized as the brand resources (or liabilities) connected to a brand’s name and image that add to (or deduct from) an item or administration. These advantages can be assembled into four measurements: brand mindfulness, saw quality, brand affiliations, and brand dedication. These four measurements direct brand advancement the board and estimation. Brands are a key component, alongside different intangibles, for example, protected innovation and staff abilities and duty. Frequently 40-75% of a company’s resources might be credited to brands [Goodchild and Callow, 2001] Despite the above realities the Chartered Institute of Marketing 2003 state â€Å"B

Fiedler’s Contingency Theory Essay

The possibility Theory shows the connection between the leader’s direction or style and gathering execution under varying situational conditions. The hypothesis depends on deciding the direction of a pioneer ( relationship or assignment ), the components of the circumstance ( pioneer part relations, task structure and pioneer position power), and the pioneer direction that was seen as best as the circumstance changed from low to direct to high control. Fred Edward Fiedler in his milestone 1964 article, â€Å" A possibility of Leadership Effectiveness. considered and underscored the significance of both the leader’s character and the circumstance in which that pioneer works. Fiedler found that assignment arranged pioneers were progressively powerful in low and moderate control circumstances and relationship arranged chiefs were increasingly successful in moderate control circumstances. Fiedler and his partners contemplated pioneers in an assortment of settings yet for t he most part in military setting and their model depends on their examination discoveries. They delineated two styles of authority in particular undertaking roused and relationship-propelled. Undertaking alludes to task achievement, and relationship-inspiration alludes to relational connections. He estimated authority style administration style with the Least Preferred Co-Worker scale (LPC scale ). As indicated by Northouse ( 2007 ), the pioneers scoring high on this scale are relationship spurred and those scoring low are task propelled. Northhouse further showed that, vital to possibility hypothesis is the idea of the circumstance, which is described by three elements. One, pioneer part relations which manages the general environment of the gathering and the sentiments, for example, trust, unwaveringness and certainty that the gathering has for its pioneer. Two, task structure, which is identified with task lucidity and the way to task achievement. Three, the position power, which identifies with the measure of remuneration discipline authority the pioneer has over individuals from the gathering. These three elements decide the positivity of different circumstances in the association. Meanings of variables in Contingency Theory Situational components One, is the pioneer part relations. The respect with which the pioneer and the gathering individuals hold each other decides to some extent, the capacity of the pioneer to impact the gathering and the conditions under which the individual can do as such. It hence follows that a pioneer who is acknowledged by the gathering individuals is in a more good circumstance than one who isn't. Two, is the errand structure which is dictated by the accompanying inquiries as a primary concern; can a choice be shown as right? , are the necessities of the undertaking of the errand comprehended by everybody? , is there more than one right arrangement?. On the off chance that the group’s task isn't organized, and if the pioneer is not any more learned than the gathering about how to achieve the errand, the circumstance certainly gets horrible. The third factor is the pioneer position power. This is controlled by the prizes and disciplines which the pioneer authoritatively has available to them for either fulfilling or rebuffing the gathering individuals dependent on how they perform. The more force the pioneer has, the more positive the circumstance. Pioneer Orientation Fiedler utilized the Least Preferred Co-specialist scale usually known as LPC scale to gauge administration style. LPC assists the board with recognizing the human relations direction and undertaking direction of potential pioneers. He investigations pioneer direction as follows. One of the components is relationship direction in which he said that high LPC pioneers are progressively worried about close to home relations, increasingly touchy to the sentiments of others, and better of taking off clash. Such pioneers utilize their great relations with others to complete a vocation. This additionally empowers them to manage complex issues when deciding. These pioneers will in general have a LPC score of 73 or more. In high control circumstances, these pioneers will in general become exhausted and are did not challenge anymore. They will in general look for endorsement from their bosses overlooking their subordinates or they may choose to rearrange he task. They regularly become rude toward their subordinates subsequently, become all the more rebuffing and increasingly worried about execution of the errand. In moderate control circumstances, they center around bunch relations. They decrease the nervousness and strain of gathering individuals and along these lines lessen struggle. They handle innovative dynamic gatherings well. They consider this to be as trying and fascinating and perform it well in it. Ultimately, in low control circumstances, they generally attempt to get bunch support regularly to the detriment of the assignment. Truth be told under very unpleasant circumstances, they may likewise pull back from position of authority, neglecting to coordinate the group’s work. The subsequent factor is task arranged. As indicated by Fiedler, the LPC score for pioneers here is 64 and beneath. Low LPC pioneers are increasingly worried about the assignment, and less subject to assemble support. They will in general be excited and anxious to continue ahead with work. They rapidly compose the activity and have a simple demeanor about completing the work. In moderate control circumstances, they are on edge and less compelling. They become retained in the errand and give little consideration to individual relations in the gathering. They will in general be heartless toward the sentiments of their gathering individuals, and the gathering detests the absence of concern. Notwithstanding, in high control circumstances, these pioneers are loose and create charming relations with subordinates and they are anything but difficult to coexist with. As work completes, they don't meddle with the gathering or anticipate obstruction from their bosses. What's more, in conclusion in low control circumstances, the pioneers commit themselves to their difficult errand. They compose and drive the gathering to task fruition. They likewise will in general control the gathering firmly and keep up severe order. Fiedler and partners reasoned that in the event that a leader’s LPC scores fall somewhere in the range of 65 and 72, at that point the pioneer should cautiously break down their authority style as they become familiar with the relationship situated and task arranged styles. Nonetheless, it is essential to take note of that there is no single authority style that is successful in all circumstances. Or maybe, certain initiative styles are more qualified for certain circumstances than for other people. Fiedler further called attention to that the adequacy of the pioneer is dependent upon the direction of the pioneer and the positivity of the circumstance.

Standardized Test Reporting COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Standardized Test Reporting COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The January 5th fall admission deadline is almost here and we are fielding many questions about the receipt of official GRE and TOEFL test scores.   We are aware that there have been some problems with the administration of the tests at some ETS (Educational Testing Service) testing centers.   Problems include tests being rescheduled, problems with certain portions of the tests, and possible delays in reporting the results.   We are also aware that the holiday season has an impact on how fast test scores can be processed by ETS. We understand that situations such as this are out of the control of the applicant.   Therefore in certain circumstances we will accept official test reports that are received after the January 5th deadline.   First, if a test has been taken prior to the admission deadline and we receive the test report after the deadline, the late receipt of the score report will not hinder the review of the application as long as the date the test was taken was previous to the admission deadline. Second, if you encountered a problem out of your control that delayed your ability to take either the GRE or TOEFL, please send an email to sipa_admission@columbia.edu and clearly explain the particular circumstances. Explain the problem you encountered, what action you plan to take, and an estimation of when you have or will take the necessary test. We can then work with you to ensure that your test score is received and is added to your file so that it can be passed on to the Admissions Committee for review.

Reaction Of Walter Benjamin And The Film Shadow Magic

Reaction Response to Walter Benjamin and the film â€Å"Shadow Magic† â€Å"One might generalize by saying: the technique of reproduction detaches the reproduced object from the domain of tradition. By making many reproductions it substitutes a plurality of copies for a unique existence. And in permitting the reproduction to meet the beholder or listener in his own particular situation, it reactivates the object reproduced.† - Walter Benjamin, The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction (1936) Benjamin is saying that reproductions reduce the integrity of the art because the product is no longer authentic. Benjamin also speaks of â€Å"aura- a symptomatic process whose significance points beyond the realm of art.† (1936). according to him this is missing in works that have been reproduced or produced indirectly, i.e. a copy of a painting or a photograph. I think that the value of art is in the art itself and the use of it to express one’s inner goals and desires. Benjamin also speaks of the â€Å"shattering of tradition† that he believes is caused by the loss of authenticity of art in its original form. I believe that while there would have been a certain intimacy between the artist and the subject in the past. That does not exist today due to technology. We now can take thousands of photos a day, whereas 150 years ago a person may have sat for a portrait for a few hours. Reproductions while devaluing both the integrity and price of a piece of art, is a necessary price to pay for theShow MoreRelatedReview Of The Tale Of Tim Burton 2518 Words   |  11 PagesHorror Films, and several Hugo Awards (Tim Burton Awards). Besides being a director of many of Hollywood s greatest films, he is also an accomplished illustrator, painter, screenwriter, and producer. From his early days at The California Institute of Arts to his current film projects, Burton has always had an ability to transfer his perceptions into a visual medium. His visual style is often a mix of fantasy, Gothic, and horror (Tim Burton Bio AE). Timothy Walter Burton was born in the shadow of theRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 Pages†¢ New media is but a neutral tool; how we use it will determine†¦ 1c. Government Censorship Govt Regulated (political-BAD): †¢ Morphs into a powerful tool to influence people’s beliefs and values †¢ Sends chills down a liberal’s spine †¢ Magic behind oligarchs’, juntas’, emperors’, authoritarians’ abilities to rally the support of the people behind them †¢ Suppress all information that may jeopardize a government’s position †¢ Devoid of all diversity †¢ Robert Mugabe: corrupt president

Varna Bulgaria - Eneolithic/Copper Age Cemetery

Varna is the name of a Eneolithic/Late Copper Age cemetery located in northeastern Bulgaria, slightly inland of the Black Sea and north of the Varna Lakes. The cemetery was used for about century between 4560-4450 BC. Excavations at the site have revealed a total of nearly 300 graves, within an area of approximately 7,500 square meters (81,000 square feet or approximately 2 acres). To date, the cemetery has not been found to be associated with a settlement: the closest human occupation of the same date consists of 13 pile-based lake dwellings, located near Varna Lakes and thought to be of approximately the same period. However, no connection to the cemetery has been established as of yet. Grave goods from Varna included an enormous amount of goldwork, a total of over 3,000 gold objects weighing more than 6 kilograms (13 pounds). In addition, 160 copper objects, 320 flint artifacts, 90 stone objects and more than 650 clay vessels have been found. In addition, over 12,000 dentalium shells and about 1,100 Spondylus shell ornaments were also recovered. Also collected were red tubular beads made from carnelian. Most of these artifacts were recovered from elite burials. Elite Burials Of the 294 graves, a handful were clearly high status or elite burials, probably representing chiefs. Burial 43, for example, included 990 gold artifacts weighing 1.5 kg (3.3 lb) alone. Stable isotope data suggests that the people at Varna consumed both terrestrial (millet) and marine resources: human remains associated with the richest burials (43 and 51) had isotope signatures that indicated higher percentage consumption of marine protein. A total of 43 of the graves are cenotaphs, symbolic graves containing no human remains. Some of these contained clay masks with gold objects placed in what would be the location of eyes, mouth, nose and ears. AMS radiocarbon dates on animal and human bones from burial contexts returned calibrated dates between 4608-4430 BC; but most artifacts of this type date to the later Eneolithic period, suggesting that the Black Sea location was a center of social and cultural innovation. Archaeology The Varna cemetery was discovered in 1972 and excavated well into the 1990s by Ivan S. Ivanov of the Varna Museum, G. I. Georgiev and M. Lazarov. The site has not been as yet been completely published, although a handful of scientific articles have appeared in English language journals. Sources This article is a part of the About.com guide to the Chalcolithic, and the Dictionary of Archaeology. Gaydarska B, and Chapman J. 2008. The aesthetics or colour and brilliance - or why were prehistoric persons interested in rocks, minerals, clays and pigments? In: Kostov RI, Gaydarska B, and Gurova M, editors. Geoarchaeology and Archaeomineralogy: Proceedings of the International Conference. Sofia: Publishing House St. Ivan Rilski. p 63-66. Higham T, Chapman J, Slavchev V, Gaydarska B, Honch NV, Yordanov Y, and Dimitrova B. 2007. New perspectives on the Varna cemetery (Bulgaria) – AMS dates and social implications. Antiquity 81(313):640-654. Honch NV, Higham TFG, Chapman J, Gaydarska B, and Hedges REM. 2006. A palaeodietary investigation of carbon (13C/12C) and nitrogen (15N/14N) in human and faunal bones from the Copper Age cemeteries of Varna I and Durankulak, Bulgaria. Journal of Archaeological Science 33:1493-1504. Renfrew C. 1978.  Varna and the social context of early metallurgy.  Antiquity 52(206):199-203.

Mmw 13 Notes Free Essays

SAFAVID EMPIRE Key Focus: 1) The Ottoman (Sunni)-Safavid (Shi’ite) split in Dar al-Islam 2) Safavids’ use of religious extremism to inspire a following and forge an empire 3) Transition from heterodox ideology to orthodox theocracy under Shah Abbas I) The Safavid Rise to Power in Persia †¢3 empires dominated by presence of Islam †¢M2oguls in India, Ottoman Empire, and Safavids a) Isma’il and the Messianic Ideology of the Qizilbash (warriors; â€Å"red heads† their turbans) i) How did a 14 year-old establish a dynasty? †¢Led Turkish army to capture an Iranian city it was already a vulnerable region †¢envisioned a utopian Islamic world (1) Claim lineage from 13th century Sufi leader—Safi al-Din (2) Reincarnation of the â€Å"hidden† Twelfth Imam of Shi’a Islam (3) Claim of divinity as the â€Å"God-shah† ?maybe reincarnation of Allah himself!! ii) Sufi belief in the transmission of mystical powers †¢maybe a redeemer figure iii) Qizilbash fanaticism †¢sometimes went into battle unarmed; believed Isma’il’s power could save em †¢the more extreme their behavior, the more they showed their loyalty to Isma’il b) The Safavid-Ottoman Conflict Safavid’s were intent on spreading their Qizibash religions i) Clash of Heterodoxy vs. Orthodoxy (1) Safavids intent on spreading their Sufi/Shi’ite ideology ? Ottomans had control over Mecca ?Safavid discouraged pilgrimage to Mecca to undermine Ottoman’s rule (2) Ottoman Selim the Grim’s claim as the â€Å"exterminator of idolators† ? referring to Safavid ?made it his primary goal to eliminate Safavid (3) Battle of Chaldiran (Kaldi-ran) 1514 ?slave armies were formidable; used firmarms ?forced to retreated to center of their empire ii) Geopolitical consequences 1) Interruption of the Mediterranean—Middle Eastern commercial network iii) Changes in Safavid Policies (1) Adoption of more conservative brand of â€Å"Imamite Sh’ia† II) Safavid Consolidation under Shah Abbas I (r. 1588-1629) a) Securing the Empire oAdopted Shi’a Imam/not so extreme ofanaticism is good for GOING to power, but not conservative o1588 o1590, established impressive i) Military Reorganization †¢reorganized army (1) Ghulam system ?recruited; much better organized and loyal army (2) Alliances with Europeans to counter Ottoman advance ?first, with Portuguese, but almost always about arms i) Promote commerce (1) New capital in Isfahan as a cosmopolitan center of trade ? openly invited Euro and Asian merchants; and Christian missionaires ? became incredibly worldy and diverse ?â€Å"to see Isfahan is to see half the world† (2) Secured trade routes within the Safavid realm b) Pragmatic ruler â€Å"both feared and loved† i) Ruler in the Machiavellian vein? †¢he did everything ideal of Machiavellian prince (1) Pragmatist not ideologue ?skilled in sta tecraft and diplomacy ?close eye on suspicious stuff ?very â€Å"hands-on† ?good on theological discourse (2) Manipulation of his public image—â€Å"Shah of the People† ? ffect sovereign must project to his people to be feared and loved ? highly visible; mingled with the common people ?made it a point to be humble and scruple †¢wore simple linens; not silks (3) â€Å"More feared than loved†? ?played no favorites ?no patience for flatterers ?ruled effectively and decisively ii) Religious Policies (1) Father Simon’s report to Pope Paul V in 1605 (2) Purged of the Qizilbash iii) Symptoms of decline after Shah Abbas (1) Increasing intolerance towards other Muslim sects (2) Greater persecution of non-Muslims Shi’a imam was more tolerated; even Sunni’s were persecuted . We will write a custom essay sample on Mmw 13 Notes or any similar topic only for you Order Now How to cite Mmw 13 Notes, Papers

IKEA Can Improve Practices Be More Ethical †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The IKEA Can Improve Practices Be More Ethical? Answer: Introducation Business ethics refers to moral principles that are followed by a business that control the way it operates. Unethical business practices can be very easily identified. Incidentally, child labor should not be employed in business, bribery should not take place in business, and copyrighted materials should not be unlawfully used in business (Goodstein Wicks 2014). IKEA is a company that has very many stores across the world. This report has three major objectives; To determine if IKEA practices business ethics. To find out if IKEA shows corporate social responsibility using Carrols CSR model. To see how IKEA treats its different stakeholders. Any company that has business ethics also employs corporate social responsibility for its actions. This is to its shareholders and its employees. It should make good returns for its shareholders, and it should also respect its employees and treat them fairly. These businesses additionally take responsibility for the environment and prevent all forms of pollution (Boons Wagner 2009). Ethical Issues IKEA Has Faced Ikea is a company that has a strong reputation due to its sale of high-quality products that are cost effective. The company has a competitive advantage due to its ability to produce highly innovative products. This company is top-rated in the united states as well as Europe. It is a company that is also involved in philanthropy and has had sustainable growth. However, IKEA like many other organizations has faced some ethical problems (Fund Initiative 2014). There was evidence of the company was spying on its employees. This was reported in France. Upon further investigation into the matter, it was revealed that IKEA had put investigators to follow up on employee misconduct, customer complaints, and job applicants into the company. There was one senior employee was on sick leave but was later terminated when it was determined that she was not ill through the use of an investigator. Upon learning of the events that transpired, the employee filed charges against IKEA for infringing on her privacy. Some top executives in the company were terminated, and IKEA was required to post a bond of five hundred thousand Euros (Lindgreen 2017). Another ethical scandal that involved IKEA happened during the communist regime. Upon questioning about the incidence, IKEA admitted that to build its furniture, it had used labor from political prisoners from East Germany. Moreover, inmates who refused to carry out this task were punished. This revelation by the company showed that it been unethical and violated human rights. However, the fact that the firm admitted to the allegations and put down measures to respect human rights in the future show that it wishes to avoid the semblance of the same (Wadsworth 2007). Some critics have cited IKEA's corporate structure as unethical. This is because the structure of management is seen as highly complex and hierarchical. The company is run by a private company that is then run by a non-profit company in Dutch. There are others who find Kamprad to have excessive power because he is the chairman of the company that oversees the non-profit company. Another claim is that IKEA involves the non-profit company in a bid to dodge taxes. IKEA has however denied these accusations and said that its reason for using a non-profit company is to increase its level of competitiveness. To prove that it is not unethical, IKEA agreed to publicize its financial information (Render 2012). In 2013, there was yet another scandal that involved the quality of IKEAs products. There were accusations that IKEA was selling meatballs that were made from horse meat. The Czech Republic authorities confirmed that they had tested the meatballs and they tested positive for horse DNA. IKEA investigated the issue, and sure enough, it was true. The investigation revealed that one Swedish supplier had, in fact, supplied the horse meat which was, in turn, traced back to slaughterhouses in Poland (Render 2012). The meatballs were removed from the shelves, and a police report was filed against the supplier. To reassure its customers and ensure such an occurrence does not happen again, IKEA provided DNA testing of the meatballs temporarily. It also informed the people that horse meat was not poisonous (Ben Brik et al. 2011). These are just a few of the ethical challenges that IKEA has faced over the years. It is, however, important to note that IKEA responded to the claims with the immediate investigation and looked for means to solve the situations. Additionally, where it was decided that the company was negligent or liable, it paid the required fines and changed the situation. How IKEAs Vision, Mission, and Code of Practice Affect its Activities IKEAs vision is to create a better life for the most people. The company offers a variety of products that range from home furnishings to food products. These products are offered at low prices to enable the majority of people to afford the products. Incidentally, they provide home furnishings that can be easily assembled by the clients. This enables the customers to have a much easier time transporting the furniture (IKEA 2017). Moreover, IKEA has stores located in various places to make them more accessible to the people. The mission of any company informs how the company plans to implement its vision in the future. IKEAs mission is to have sustainable growth for the long term which will benefit all stakeholders involved (Lindgreen 2017). These are the employees, the customers, the owners, and suppliers. IKEA has followed up on this mission because a majority of its profits are plowed back into the company. These funds are then used in activities such as product development, expansion of existing stores, as well as opening new stores. IKEA had a goal to phase out wooden pallets and only use paper pallets and loading ledges. In 2013, it was able to achieve this aim. Additionally, very many of IKEAs products are made from cotton (Spence et al. 2016). However, cotton is an environmental hazard and harmful even to the farmers. To raise ecological and social standards, IKEA assists the farmers with proper farming methods and prohibits child labor in its chain of supply. The company is even a founding member of the Better Cotton Initiative which ensures that cotton comes from sustainable sources. Moreover, IKEA supports various projects that aid farmers to reduce the use of pesticides and water by half. It also helps them reduce their fertilizer use by a third (Surroca et al. 2010). Consequently, this helps the farmers to have increased earnings as well as ensuring the environment is protected. IKEA also has a code of practice which all stakeholders are expected to comply with before signing business contracts. IKEA states that it does not accept child labor and says that in such cases, the interest of the child will be put first. Suppliers of IKEA are also expected not use prison, forced, or any involuntary labor. The suppliers are also expected to avoid severe environmental pollution (Dahlsrud 2008). They are also expected not to expose their workers to serious safety hazards. Moreover, the suppliers are supposed to have a reliable and transparent system that shows working hours and wages to be paid out. Further, the supplier is expected to provide insurance coverage for the treatment of workers who are involved in accidents while working. There are ten core values that IKEA follows in a bid to fulfill its vision and mission statements. These are; leading by example. The managers act by IKEA values, and this is what the other workers at IKEA emulate. There is a constant desire to renovate and come up with better solutions. There is a feeling of motivation and togetherness among the workers. All the companys activities and products are cost conscious in a bid to achieve the best results with minimal resources. There is a strive to practicality. There is humility and willpower. This ensures all people are respected, and things get done properly. The company dares to be different. They look at the situation as is and see if there are better ways of doing those things. There is a delegation of activities in the right manner. There is simplicity in the way they solve their problems. Finally, they review what has been done and think of how the same can be done better in the future (Jonsson 2012). IKEAs Corporate Social Responsibility Actions Howard R. Bowen very accurately shows the new reign of corporate social responsibility in his book published in 1953, Social Responsibilities of the Businessman. This literature came from his observation that a number of the largest business in America were significant power centers and decision makers whose actions affected the lives of the people in a myriad of ways (Carroll Shabana 2010). The major question that this realization made Bowen ask was what are the responsibilities that businessmen are expected to assume towards society? One of the most popular models about the social responsibility of companies is the Carolls CSR Model. Caroll used a pyramid to explain different aspects of social responsibility expected from companies. Corporate social responsibility has been given different definitions over the years. Typically, it refers to the practices and policies employed by people in business in a bid to protect the interests of the society, other business owners, and all stakeholders in their operations (Carroll 2016). Carolls CSR Model explains that Corporate social responsibility includes the legal, economic, ethical, and philanthropic expectations of the society from different organizations at all time. These four responsibilities are the infrastructure that aid in defining what is expected of businesses by society. It is represented in the form of a pyramid. The economic responsibility is the base of the model because it is the foundation for which the business was formed. Economic responsibility is the fundamental condition for business existence. It is a social responsibility because the society expects companies to be in a position to sustain themselves. This is only possible through the businesses being profitable and also the company needs to be able to incentivize shareholders to invest for business operations to go on (Carroll Shabana 2010). Society expects that companies will provide the goods and services that it needs. IKEA can satisfy this responsibility due to its proper management that ensures that the business continually profitable as shown in its annual returns records. Legal responsibilities refer to the ground rules that articulate the fundamentals of fair business practices. These guidelines are established by government officials in the local and national levels. As an operating requirement, business people are expected to comply with these rules and regulations. IKEA is a business that complies with rules set in place by the governments in the regions where it operates. Whenever these policies are not abode with, the company pays the respective fines and dismisses employees responsible for the breach (Miko?ajek-Gocejna 2016). Ethical responsibilities are the average expectations held by society in addition to the laws provided. Businesses are expected by the society to carry out their business operations in a manner that is ethical (Goodstein Wicks 2014). IKEA is a company that has outlined the level of ethics it expects from its employees and suppliers. These are about childrens rights, environmental conservation among others (Dahlsrud 2008). Corporate philanthropy refers to different forms of giving. It embraces activities that are carried out voluntarily by the business and those that are discretionary. Philanthropy is not a responsibility, but it is an expectation by the society (Kolodinsky et al. 2010). Businesses thereby engage in different forms of giving. IKEA is very philanthropic. It has carried out different activities that are aimed help members of the society such as its cotton farmers. Moreover, it donates some of its products and profits to people in need (Lindgreen 2017). IKEAs Major Stakeholders and Their Relationships to the Attributes of Power, Legitimacy, and Urgency Stakeholders are people who can influence or are influenced by an organizations achievement of its objectives. Each group of actual or potential stakeholders has significance to the company based on their attributes. Wood, Agle, and Mitchell speak of three major classes of the attributes brought about by all stakeholders. These are; power, legitimacy, and urgency. Power refers to how the stakeholders can affect the company. Legitimacy explains the relationship that these stakeholders have with the company. Finally, urgency states that the stakeholders have a claim on the enterprise. There are different types of stakeholders who possess one or more of the attributes (Carroll Shabana 2010). Moreover, for companies to achieve the expected results, there is a need for managers to pay attention to the different types of stakeholders in different ways. This is referred to as stakeholder salience. There are both internal and external customers in IKEA just like any other company. The internal stakeholders are the owners, employees, and managers. On the other hand, the external stakeholders comprise of the customers, suppliers, and the immediate community (Karaye Ishak 2014). One of the major stakeholders for IKEA is the customer. This is because the companys vision is centered around the customer. The company strives to create a better everyday life for the many people And to offer a wide range of home furnishings with good design and function at prices so low that as many people as possible will be able to afford them. Therefore, their main purpose is to serve their customers (Karlsson 2015). The relationship that IKEA has with their customers depicts the attributes of urgency and power. Power because without the customers purchasing their products, IKEA would not exist. Moreover, there is an urgency in the need to provide goods and services for the customers. To show that they value their customers, IKEA has adapted its marketing principles to involve the average customers. They also consult the customers and make use of the received feedback (Jonsson 2012). Another key stakeholder for IKEA is their suppliers. These are the people who bring in the raw materials required to produce their innovative products. These stakeholders have the characteristics of urgency and legitimacy (Greenwood 2007). Managers have a role to always have a good relationship with their suppliers mainly through proper communication. They have put in measures to ensure that their suppliers are aware of their code of ethics before they start transacting together (Fund Initiative 2014). This has helped to ensure that conflicts are avoided, and ethics are followed to the letter. The employees are another group of important stakeholders for IKEA. They are primary stakeholders and depict the character of legitimacy. There is a need for proper communication with the employees to give them a sense of belonging as well as to build strong relationships with them (Spence et al. 2016). The managers, on the other hand, have the attributes of power. They are made of the supervisors and store managers. They have power that they should use wisely in determining how different aspects of the business should be run for maximum productivity. IKEA consults the managers for any ideas they have on how to better the company and consults them on different matters (Render 2012). Finally, the owners are mainly the board members. They are core stakeholders with both power and urgency. This means that they have control over the company and they also have a claim on the company given that they own it (Ben Brik et al. 2011). Recommendations for IKEA in a bid to be more ethical This research has shown that IKEA is a very efficient company in the way it carries out its operations. It has also proved to be very ethical and caring of both internal and external stakeholders. It cares about its customers, the environment, and assists people in need in the society through its various philanthropic activities. However, there is still room for improvements regarding its ethical practices. Employers at IKEA should encourage their employees to form a diverse network where they can consult when faced with ethical dilemmas (Goodstein Wicks 2014). This applies mainly to managers and supervisors at the different stores as well as other top level personnel. By so doing, the different people can be able to share ideas and come up with the most effective way to solve the given dilemma (Wu ke 2009). The leaders in IKEA should also display ethical behavior in all their dealings. This in turn will enable junior employees to see how they are supposed to deal with the various issues. However, if leaders such as managers are unethical, there is the likelihood that a majority of the employees will depict the same behavior. Whenever employees resort to any form of unethical behavior or malpractice, there should be immediate disciplinary action subjected on them. This in turn will aid other employees to know the implications of being unethical. The management should however clearly outline the duties to be carried out by every employee to avoid malpractices out of ignorance. IKEA has in some circumstances showed that it does not support unethical behavior by firing some employees. It should, however, also show appreciation of others by rewarding ethical behavior. This will act as inspiration for employees to always be ethical even when no one is watching (Cromwell 2017). Various situations at work may be so tempting for employees to be unethical due to the benefit to be gained. However, when employees know that ethical behavior is rewarded, they are likely to adhere to ethics as opposed to being unethical. Conclusion This report shows the importance of ethical behavior and shows various instances where IKEA has been ethical and where it has been unethical. Despite the few instances of unethical behavior, IKEA has proved that a company can be ethical and still make a profit. IKEA is a company that values its customers beyond all other stakeholders and carries out activities to make their lives better. It also values its other stakeholders be they suppliers, employees, and the community. It has a code of ethics that it expects to be followed closely especially by its suppliers. Therefore, companies should be mindful of all their stakeholders as they strive to achieve their economic goals. The major limitation associated with this study is lack of properly presented and analyzed data for the economic gains for IKEA. However, there was a proper description of how the company has performed over the years. References Boons, F. Wagner, M., 2009. Assessing the relationship between economic and ecological performance: Distinguishing system levels and the role of innovation. Ecological Economics, 68(7), pp.19081914. Ben Brik, A., Rettab, B. Mellahi, K., 2011. Market Orientation, Corporate Social Responsibility, and Business Performance. Journal of Business Ethics, 99(3), pp.307324. Carroll, A.B., 2016. Carrolls pyramid of CSR: taking another look. International Journal of Corporate Social Responsibility, 1(1), p.3. Carroll, A.B. Shabana, K.M., 2010. The Business Case for Corporate Social Responsibility: A Review of Concepts, Research and Practice. International Journal of Management Reviews, 12(1), pp.85105. Cromwell, J., 2017. What Ethical Responsibilities Does an Organization Have to a Different Stakeholder? Dahlsrud, A., 2008. How corporate social responsibility is defined: an analysis of 37 definitions. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 15(1), pp.113. Fund, D. Initiative, E., 2014. IKEA Address Ethical and Social Responsibility Challenges. Goodstein, J. Wicks, A., 2014. Stakeholder Responsibility | Building an Ethical World. Available at: https://blogs.darden.virginia.edu/ethicalworld/2014/07/23/stakeholder-responsibility-2. Greenwood, M., 2007. Stakeholder Engagement: Beyond the Myth of Corporate Responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics, 74(4), pp.315327. IKEA, 2017. Key figures - IKEA. Available at: https://www.ikea.com/gb/en/this-is-ikea/about-the-ikea-group/key-figures/ Jonsson, I., 2012. IKEAs Stakeholders. Available at: https://isabellejonsson12.blogspot.co.ke/2012/10/ikeas-stakeholders.html Karaye, I. Ishak, Z., 2014. The Mediating Effect of Stakeholder Influence Capacity on the Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Financial Performance. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 164, pp.528534. Karlsson, E., 2015. Stakeholders within IKEA. Available at: https://prezi.com/v4xlf_rwfo5x/stakeholders-within-ikea/ Kolodinsky, R.W. et al., 2010. Attitudes About Corporate Social Responsibility: Business Student Predictors. Journal of Business Ethics, 91(2), pp.167181. Lindgreen, A., 2017. IKEAs road to corporate social responsibility. Miko?ajek-Gocejna, M., 2016. The Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Financial Performance Evidence from Empirical Studies. Comparative Economic Research, 19(4). Render, B., 2012. Teaching Tip: Ethical Issues Facing Ikea and Darden. Available at: https://heizerrenderom.wordpress.com/2012/11/20/teaching-tip-ethical-issues-facing-ikea-and-darden. Spence, L.J. et al., 2016. Small Business Social Responsibility. Business Society, 55(1), pp.2355. Surroca, J., Trib, J.A. Waddock, S., 2010. Corporate responsibility and financial performance: the role of intangible resources. Strategic Management Journal, 31(5), pp.463490. Wadsworth, M., 2007. IKEA exposed over child Labour and green issues. Available at: https://www.the-latest.com/ikea-exposed-over-child-labour-and-green-issues Wu, W. ke, L.K., 2009. An empirical examination of the corporate social performance ndash; the financial performance relationship in China based on the different measures perspective. International Journal of Networking and Virtual Organisations, 6(4), p.389.

Working Memory in Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

The Birth, Life and Death of a Delphi Form

The Birth, Life and Death of a Delphi Form In Delphi, every project has at least one window the programs main window. All windows of a Delphi application are based on TForm object. Form Form objects are the basic building blocks of a Delphi application, the actual windows with which a user interacts when they run the application. Forms have their own properties, events, and methods with which you can control their appearance and behavior. A form is actually a Delphi component, but unlike other components, a form doesnt appear on the component palette. We normally create a form object by starting a new application (File | New Application). This newly created form will be, by default, the applications main form - the first form created at runtime. Note: To add an additional form to Delphi project, select File|New Form. Birth OnCreateThe OnCreate event is fired when a TForm is first created, that is, only once. The statement responsible for creating the form is in the projects source (if the form is set to be automatically created by the project). When a form is being created and its Visible property is True, the following events occur in the order listed: OnCreate, OnShow, OnActivate, OnPaint. You should use the OnCreate event handler to do, for example, initialization chores like allocating string lists. Any objects created in the OnCreate event should be freed by the OnDestroy event. OnCreate - OnShow - OnActivate - OnPaint - OnResize - OnPaint ... OnShowThis event indicates that the form is being displayed. OnShow is called just before a form becomes visible. Besides main forms, this event happens when we set forms Visible property to True, or call the Show or ShowModal method. OnActivateThis event is called when the program activates the form - that is, when the form receives the input focus. Use this event to change which control actually gets focus if it is not the one desired. OnPaint, OnResizeEvents like OnPaint and OnResize are always called after the form is initially created, but are also called repeatedly. OnPaint occurs before any controls on the form are painted (use it for special painting on the form). Life The birth of a form is not so interesting as its life and death can be. When your form is created and all the controls are waiting for events to handle, the program is running until someone tries to close the form! Death An event-driven application stops running when all its forms are closed and no code is executing. If a hidden form still exists when the last visible form is closed, your application will appear to have ended (because no forms are visible), but will in fact continue to run until all the hidden forms are closed. Just think of a situation where the main form gets hidden early and all other forms are closed. ... OnCloseQuery - OnClose - OnDeactivate - OnHide - OnDestroy OnCloseQueryWhen we try to close the form using the Close method or by other means (AltF4), the OnCloseQuery event is called. Thus, event handler for this event is the place to intercept a forms closing and prevent it. We use the OnCloseQuery to ask the users if they are sure that they realy want the form to close. procedure TForm1.FormCloseQuery(Sender: TObject; var CanClose: Boolean) ;begin    if MessageDlg(Really close this window?, mtConfirmation, [mbOk, mbCancel], 0) mrCancel then CanClose : False;end; An OnCloseQuery event handler contains a CanClose variable that determines whether a form is allowed to close. The OnCloseQuery event handler may set the value of CloseQuery to False (via the CanClose parameter), aborting the Close method. OnCloseIf OnCloseQuery indicates that the form should be closed, the OnClose event is called. The OnClose event gives us one last chance to prevent the form from closing. The OnClose event handler has an Action parameter, with the following four possible values: caNone. The form is not allowed to close. Just as if we have set the CanClose to False in the OnCloseQuery.caHide. Instead of closing the form you hide it.caFree. The form is closed, so its allocated memory is freed by Delphi.caMinimize. The form is minimized, rather than closed. This is the default action for MDI child forms. When a user shuts down Windows, the OnCloseQuery event is activated, not the OnClose. If you want to prevent Windows from shutting down, put your code in the OnCloseQuery event handler, of course CanCloseFalse will not do this. OnDestroyAfter the OnClose method has been processed and the form is to be closed, the OnDestroy event is called. Use this event for operations opposite to those in the OnCreate event. OnDestroy is used to deallocate objects related to the form and free the corresponding memory. When the main form for a project closes, the application terminates.

Epistemology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Epistemology - Essay Example Philosophers have come up with theories best to meet varied retail management strategies and aligning them with varied customers’ needs with time (Tsoukas, 2005). Douglas McGregor in his book â€Å"Human side of enterprise† acknowledged an method of making an atmosphere in which employees are encouraged through imposing, direction and control or integration and self-control which he called theory x and theory y. Abraham Maslow on the other hand developed a scientific management approach called Third force psychology. In retail management, organization of employees is of paramount importance due to their respective roles in running the activities of the retail outlet. They may range from cashiers, sales persons to assistants on technical aspects of the products and services. Customers’ needs on the other hand are varied and keep changing with time, seasons and preference. With McGregor’s theory, retail mangers need to ascertain the optimum transfer of autho rity and/or power to their employees incorporating Abraham Maslow’s needs and preference principles to help run the retail outlet smoothly. The two theories have similarities and differences of which can be viewed in a business perspective to assist in analysis of their concepts. In business core values, values like respect, commitment to personal and professional development and focus on friendly environmental practices and unwavering commitment to quality will match well with McGregor’s theory on employees’ motivation and control, and that of Maslow’s self-esteem, confidence, achievements and respect of others and by them. In developing goals, setting results expected of different employees of the outlet, the administration, financial segments and the outlet at large can provide a benchmark of realizing departmental efforts and capabilities and an insight about what requires change. This matches well with Maslow’s self-actualization pillar where molarity, problem solving, lack of prejudice and acceptance of facts which will be a product of the employees organization. In tem endorsed product line, the two theories are similar in that retail managers will need to assign employees to their best performing sections so as to align with the customers’ immediate wants. This is due to the fact that in endorsing a product line, employees need to intensively know their products and â€Å"think big† about the possible queries by expected customers and their respective answers so as to convince the customers. The two ideologies differ in the application to meet the employees need to change in their working conditions in terms of rules and regulations company aspirations and perspectives towards their development in one hand, and customers/consumers’ need of incorporation of their changing needs and preferences on the other hand. This calls for further study on retail management and analysis of ways to merge the man agement styles with the customer needs. For instance McGregor’s theory of authoritative, direction and control varies with the theory of integration and self-control in that there is no clear cut of the optimum type and level of authority to the employees to achieve maximum returns (Cooper, 1999). That is, if managers use the authoritative and control style, how would employees perform in relation to meeting the customers’ needs? On the other hand if management opts for integration and s

America and the Great War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

America and the Great War - Essay Example These alliances were of significance since they implied that some countries would be obligated to declare war in the event that one of their allies had declared war. In 1879, there was a dual alliance between Germany and Austria-Hungary to mutually protect themselves against Russia and in 1881, Austria-Hungary signed an alliance with Serbia with the aim of stopping Russia from gaining control of Serbia. A year later, Germany and Austria-Hungary entered an alliance with Italy so that it could stop Italy from siding with Russia. Several other agreements and alliances were entered into including the Entente Cordiale on 1904, the Anglo-Russian Entente of 1907 as well as the Triple Entente of 1907, before Britain, France and Russia made an agreement not to sign for peace separately in 1914 (Mulligan, 2010). Some of the alliances were formed to ensure some nations do not become too strong while some were to make the nations in the alliance stronger and able to withstand any attacks. By the turn of the twentieth century, the British Empire had already extended through five continents while France was controlling expansive areas in the African continent. Nations required new markets as industrialism was rapidly rising. The size of land that was under British and French control escalated their rivalry with Germany, who had joined the scramble for the acquisition of colonies late only to gain small areas in the African continent. On the other hand, the escalating divide in the European continent resulted in an Arms race between the main nations and the German and French armies increased more than twofold from 1870 to 1914, with a fierce competition ensuing between Germany and Britain for master the seas. Germany introduced its own battleships and also developed a plan of action that entailed an attack on France via Belgium in the event that Russia attacked Germany. Nationalism implies

Health Needs Of A Child Case Study Social Work Essay

Health Needs Of A Child Case Study Social Work Essay For the purpose of this essay I will write a critical analysis of a case study assessing the health needs of a child within a family. The case study is of a two parent family of a two year old girl. The family had transferred from another area. Their daughter was born prematurely at thirty one weeks. She didnt offer eye contact and had no voluntary speech. Full permission has been obtained to use the information in the case study. I used firstly Orems nursing model to assess the familys needs. Then a more appropriate framework Family Health Needs Assessment. The model is a behavioural model. Behavioural models are based on the hierarchy of human needs by Maslow (1993). The hierarchy starts at the bottom of a pyramid with essential needs, when these are met the person progresses up the pyramid until full potential is achieved (Maslow, 1993). Orems model is based on societies need for the client to be self caring (Henderson, 1990). Orems (2001) model has a continuum of self care abilities, the aim being to move along this continuum to self care or adapt to a diminishing self care in terminal or chronic ill cases. Orem (2001) states that the family and significant others in a persons life must be involved in their self care. It is a model which values individual responsibility, prevention and health education as key aspects of nursing intervention (Aggleton and Chalmers 2000). Orem lists the following key factors that influence health; 1. Adequate intake of air water and food. 2, Adequate excretion of waste. 3. A balance between activity and rest both mentally and physically. 4. Social interaction and solitude should be optimised. 5. The prevention or avoidance of hazards and danger. 6. The feeling of being and behaving normally leading to stress reduction. By being able to carry out self care in these areas the person fulfils what Orem (2001) calls their Universal Self Care Demands. If there is illness injury or disease the individual has self care demands in three extra areas (Orem, 2001). These are known as the Health Deviation Self Care Demands. i Structure. ii. Functioning. iii. Behaviour. Orem uses the Nursing Process starting with assessment of the family in order to discover their individual problems which are defined in terms of self care deficits (Orem, 2001). The first stage of Orems model identifies both the demands for and the ability to achieve, self care in an individual (Aggleton and Chalmers, 2000). I assessed the family the parents both worked dad is a chef and mum is a carer in a nursing home they are both supported by grandparents who lived across the street. Both were fit and well. The two year old daughter was causing her mother concern in that she was not speaking it was difficult to get her attention with very little eye contact. Using Orems list I asked questions about each of the six activities. The problems identified were related to the two year olds behaviour of pacing around the room not speaking no eye contact and slapping her hands one on top of the other. After gathering information I had to decide why there was a self care deficit. This was difficult using Orems which states the self care deficit should be linked to a lack of knowledge or of skills to a lack of motivation to achieve self care (Aggleton and Chalmers, 2000). These dont seem to apply to a two year old cared for by her parents. But clearly her behaviour was a cause for concern. I had now completed a good deal of paperwork a fault recognised by Fawcett et al (2004) in many instances it has led to nursing models being a bureaucratic chore (Fawcett et al,2004). A checklist method and standard care plans would have allowed for a quick assessment of the Universal self care demands (Kitson, 2001). The next stage is to plan and set goals (Salvage and Kershaw, 1990). The long term goal for each client would be the restoration of a balance between self care ability and self care needs (Salvage and Kershaw, 1990). The implementation of the care plan may involve activities to meet self care demands (Pearson et al, 2004). In addition members of the family, or significant others, may provide some care. Orem (2001) has identified six broad ways in which assistance can be given to implement a care plan. 1.Doing for or acting for another 2.Guiding and directing another. 3.Providing physical support. 4.Providing psychological support. 5.Providing an environment which supports development. 6.Teaching another. However each of these methods of helping requires compliance (Pearson et al 2004). Orems model demands that clients and their families are willing and able to adopt certain roles achieve self care (Aggleton and Chalmers 2000). 3) Evaluation Orem (2001) has suggested that the evaluation of care given should be measured in terms of the clients or families performance of self care. Using Orem we should set out goals in terms of what the family will achieve (Pearson et al, 2004). It was difficult to set goals babies who are born prematurely can suffer from learning difficulties and to investigate the two year olds behaviour was the goal. Orems model didnt seem to fit well with this families care. The major problem with nursing models concerns the relationship with the clients of the service. These are of two kinds. The employer for most nurses in the UK, the employer is the Government. The Government has aims and objectives for its health care system which is to use evidence based practice which may conflict with a particular nursing model or philosophy (Mckenna et al, 2008). Orems model is over fifty years old and is not evidence based. The problems mainly being centered on the daughters behavior the following framework was more appropriate for this family. An evidence based framework The Family Health Needs Assessment was introduced into the health visiting service in 2003 and is based on the Framework for the Assessment of children in need and their families (Department of Health et al, 2000). The Assessment Framework was intended to help practitioners to become child-centered (Horwath, 2010). The aim being to do an assessment of the familys health and parenting needs. A triangle is used as an illustration of the Framework the child being in the centre (Rose, 2009). The three sides of the triangle represent the key factors that influence the Childs health; child developmental needs, parenting capacity and family health and environmental factors. Each one has sub headings specific to the main heading. Childs Development Needs Health Education Emotional Behavioral Development Identity Family Social Relationships Social Presentation Self Care Skills Parenting Capacity Basic Care Ensuring Safety Emotional Warmth Stimulation Guidance Boundaries Stability Family health Family history functioning Wider family Housing Employment Income Familys Social Integration Community Resources The aim of the initial Family Health Needs Assessment (FHNA) is to undertake a full assessment of the familys health and parenting needs. The impact of parenting capacity, family health and environmental factors on the childs health and well-being is assessed to identify children and families who may require additional support to achieve the 5 outcomes identified in Every Child Matters (2004). Being healthy Staying Safe Enjoying and achieving Making a positive Contribution Achieving Economic well-being There is research evidence to suggest that low birth weight and prematurity indicates a greater risk of not achieving the 5 outcomes identified in Every Child Matters (2004). Then a family health plan can be developed to include the familys needs as agreed in partnership with the parent/carer. How the family wishes to address these needs An action plan which identifies specific interventions/support and who this will be provided by as well as the date for review and a review of progress made against the action plan. The assessment took some time I had to reword some of the questions for fear of giving offence. The assessment forms were lengthy and there was some duplication. Emotional warmth under parenting Capacity and Emotional and behavioral development under the heading Childs developmental Needs. I found it difficult to know what to include under some of the headings. In Calders study (2003) the practitioners found the heading for the childs developmental needs the most challenging of the three headings. A number got confused between social presentation and self-care skills and the majority struggled with assessing identity. The task for practitioners is to specify what, in relation to health and development, the child is at risk of and how significant they consider this risk to be (Horwath, 2010). The original Framework for the assessment of children in need and their Families has guidance and support materials which explain the risk of harm, reducing the Framework to the Triangle and a set of descriptions separates the needs from the risk of harm. Which could lead to a loss of focus on the child and their needs (Platt, 2006). Both parents in this case were happy to carry out the assessment some parents can be unco-operative or even hostile Brandon et al, (2009). This could also cause a lack of focus on the needs of children. Brandon et al, (2009) found that good parental engagement can also disguise risk of harm to a child. It is important hear what children have to say (Archard and Skivenes, 2009). I did engage the two year old with my identity badge which she recognized the picture but in this case I wasnt able to interview the child because of her understanding and limited speech. I was able to observe her though and record my observations. Brandon et al. (2009) describe the various ways in which professionals dont include children in the assessment. These include young people and siblings and a failure to address the needs of children who chose not to or are unable to speak because of disability, trauma and fear (Brandon et al 2009). Groups of children in need that are hard to assess included: disabled children; adolescents; children of different cultures and faiths; and children in asylum-seeking and refugee families (Brandon et al, 2009). Another group of children that also has been found to be difficult to assess are children in need from higher socioeconomic groups. These cases were found challenging by social workers because: the parents were more aware of their rights (Brandon et al, 2009). Care must be given to recording accurately what the child says and managing that information, especially if it is negative about the parents so not to expose the child to any more risk Practitioners are responsible for gathering information and they also have to share the findings of the assessment with family members. From the assessment I identified a problem under the heading Child Developmental Needs Health the two year old daughter was growing physically but was not developing speech and had limited eye contact. The family had just moved from another area. Their daughter had been born premature at 31 weeks and she had had follow up appointments at hospital now that they had moved the hospital was too far away. The follow up at hospital was important for her developmental reviews. So the first identified need was to register at the Doctors and explain that she needs a referral to the hospital for a full pediatric review. Speech was a problem in that she was making the occasional sound and not forming her words properly. I made the speech therapy referral and gained assurances that her parents would take her. We discussed taking her to a nursery to mix with other children. After talking it was decided so that mum could go too to join a mother and toddler group. So things moved swiftly we put a time scale on these three major things of three weeks. I arranged to visit again in two weeks.

Food Hygiene Essay

The term â€Å"street foods† describes a wide range of ready-to-eat foods and beverages sold and some times prepared in public places, notably at streets. Like fast foods, the final preparation of street foods occurs when the customer orders the meal which can be consumed where it is purchased or taken away. Street foods and fast foods are low in cost when compared with restaurant meals and offer an attractive alternative to home-cooked food. In spite of these similarities, street food and fast food enterprises differ in variety, environment, marketing techniques and ownership. Foods that are served to the customers should be â€Å"clean† and â€Å"safe†, absence of poisonous substances or contaminants and free from spoilage. If foods are not clean and safe health hazards like headache, stomach pain, vomiting, giddiness and anemia may also occur. Due to the modernization many school children and adults skip their breakfast and they prefer to eat street foods or fast foods or convenient foods. There is mistaken assumption that food contamination is inevitable in street foods. Yet millions of people depend on this source of nutrition. Vendors knew that consumers watch the way food is prepared and notice whether the work area and vendor’s hands and cloths are clean or tidy. The vendors have to satisfy the customers with improved practices in the preparation of foods learned through training in nutrition and hygiene. Since, all categories of people from different socio-economic sectors purchased the street foods; the street foods should not only be cheap but also hygienic and rich in nutrition. The investigators with their nutrition knowledge had an urge to study the nutrition knowledge of the vendors, whether the foods prepared are nutritional sound or not? Are they preparing and serving food hygienically? Etc. Disease could be easily spread through food, water and the place of sales, how it is packed etc. and these questions made the investigators to take up this study. Hence, the investigators were interested to know the answers for the above said questions. Hence, studying microbial quality, nutritional knowledge and food hygienic practices among street food vendors importance at this hour and this paper aims to analyze this. To study the nutritional knowledge and food hygienic practices prevailing among the street food vendors. 200 vendors in Dindigul district, Tamil Nadu, India were selected by using purposive random sampling techniques. The investigators met the vendors and collected the details. Microbial analysis, food adulteration test were done for food samples. Microbial load for the major street foods like bhajji, vada, samosa varieties, roasted corn etc., were tested. Raw materials used for the street foods were collected such as dhal, salt, sugar, oil, pepper, turmeric and chilly powder and there were analyzed for food adulteration. The street food vendors were poor in hygienic practices in food preparation, serving, handling and storing. They were also poor in their nutritional knowledge. It can be concluded that as there is an urgent need for disseminating the knowledge about food safety and disease prevention, nutrition education is the need of the hour. Measures are suggested to improve the dwindling standards of the street food units. This study implies the need of the following measures to be adopted for hygienic food preparation by the street vendors, they are, license must be obtained by the street food vendors and the foods should be frequently inspected by the agencies, nutritionists should take the in-charge of disseminating awareness on hygienic practices, nutrition and health so that it will help in the preparation of nutritious foods. Colleges and other educational institutions also should take part in creating awareness about the street foods, government can encourage the vendors on improving their business by availing loan facilities and the sources of information must be increased to improve the nutrition and hygienic knowledge of the street food vendors. If this will be able to happen I believe that there will be less people having different kinds of sicknesses in the world and less hardships especially to the less fortunate that can’t afford to buy expensive food and medicines for those sicknesses. People need to be educated with the proper food safety hygiene and sanitation to not suffer these illnesses. I have learned that people need to gain more knowledge about Food safety hygiene and sanitation. If all have this knowledge there would be a better environment for everyone. Health is the most important thing in a person’s life, that’s why we should pay more attention in food hygiene. We should teach those around us the proper food hygiene especially vendors and or those people who sell street foods around the corner. In doing this, every person would have a cleaner environment to live in and also will have a healthier life, not only for this generation but also for the health of the future generation. We should make cleanliness a part and habit in our daily lives. Street foods should not just be only clean, but should also have nutrition. There would be no sense in eating clean food that doesn’t contain any nutrients in it. Having clean and nutritious food around us would help our bodies work in a better manner and would give us the right and enough energy for the whole day in our daily activities. We should always think before eat anything from the corner. Eating clean and nutritious food means having a clean and healthier lifestyle, and I believe that is the key to having a good body inside and out and for us to have a longer life.

Orginal Writing: A seventeen year old girl named Laura

A seventeen year old girl named Laura was having the time of her life. She had been with her love Andy for the past four years and she was desperate to know when he was going to ask that life changing question. One night whilst Laura and her sole mate were at a popular night club, ‘The Jump' Laura realised how lucky she was to have such a lovely boyfriend and felt her life couldn't get any better. The music pumped and pounded, the lights flashed and flickered as Laura and Andy danced the night away. Laura's beautiful brown hair shone with the lights as she jumped up and down with the beat with the surrounding teenagers. Laura was having an awesome time and everything around her didn't seem to matter until she smelt smoke which suddenly alarmed her. She immediately turned around to find her beloved boyfriend clasping a cigarette between two fingers. At an instant Laura thought of the worst and began to panic. â€Å"Andy, don't tell me that's a ‘fag' your holding!† Laura shouted shaking her head in disgust. â€Å"Who do you think I am, a 5 year old that can't do his shoelaces up? I can make my own decisions now Laura why can't you just relax a bit!† Andy explained, as his frustration emptied out on Laura. As Andy finished bellowing at Laura, she became even more determined to prove a point to Andy as her fists clenched and her teeth grinded she grabbed the cigarette and clasped it in her fist. Laura was so uptight about Andy not caring how she felt, she acted quickly and doing so didn't think how the cigarette burned into her sweaty palms. â€Å"Arghhh!† she cried in pain as she waved her hand about trying to cool her burn down as fast as possible. â€Å"Look what you've done† she exclaimed pointing at her red throbbing palm. â€Å"Sort yourself out, ok look, I can't be here whilst you're talking to me like I'm some kind of kid, who do you think you are, my mother† as he said this his backed turned on Laura as he disappeared into the crowds shaking his head. As Laura watched his figure fade into the many surrounding bodies a tear ran slightly down her red blossomed cheek. People began to stare at Laura as she wiped her face which was now smeared with the block of mascara she piled on before coming out. She looked at the ground and began to dance a little in embarrassment. As her heart began to beat through her ears, the music sounded quieter as if she was in a world of her own and all the giggling and staring around her seemed like people didn't care about the disco anymore and wanted to look at the miserable tart in the middle of the dance floor. â€Å"Look at her, poor ‘slag'† Laura heard people whisper, but she knew that they meant for her to hear it. The sounds echoed in her mind as her tears began to flow down her face more rapidly, her dancing suddenly began to droop as her shoulders collapsed and her feet felt like chains were attached to them and she couldn't move anywhere. Everywhere she turned people where staring, as it seemed like she was in a box with alien eyes staring at her with a lock on it which she new there was no key to. She began walking through the many crowds of people that seemed to her like aliens and they looked at her up and down like she was some kind of animal. Every step she took seemed like a mile, as her silent tears turned in to crying as she screwed up her face she now began to run, trying to escape what seemed like a never ending maze with no way out. As she sees the door in the distance she begins to run faster her legs now seeming like they are on a treadmill and her body seems to go through the same people over and over again. Her heart sinks as she sees a group of girls that once were close to her in high school. She looks the other way but keeps turning to make sure they don't see her like this puddle of shame. â€Å"Laura! Laura is that you?† one of the girls shouted, as they saw Laura rushing through the herds of people. â€Å"Laura!† they exclaimed again in a more confused way, wondering why Laura was not answering them. Laura heard these immediate calls but did not stop in her paces as she knew if she did she would not even be able to say hello, as there was such a big lump in her throat from anxiety about upsetting Andy. She hadn't ever had an argument with Andy as they were a loving couple who had so much in common it seemed like they were perfect for each other. As Laura finally reached the door she began to slow down as she knew there was a busy road just outside and didn't want to rush out. She began walking past the bouncers who also stared at her like she was some abnormal freak show. As she went to take a step outside which felt like a gasp of freedom there was a tap on her shoulder. Her ears pricked up and a deep breath of anxiety invaded her lungs. â€Å"Laura you alright mate, long time no sees†¦oh, what's the matter? You've got mascara all over your face you silly cow† , one of the high school mates asked changing the tone and meaning of her question as she saw Laura in the state she in. â€Å"Nothing! Nothing alright, why would you care anyway!† Laura exclaimed in a rushed nasty blur as every time her mouth opened she cried as well. â€Å"Just leave me ok!† Laura shouted in a mean way forgetting that her friend was only trying to help. Laura turned and slowly stepped out of the door she looked up and saw the rain pouring down on top of her. â€Å"You've changed!† the girl shouted from inside the hall! Laura took several deep breaths in and out as every time she breathed out anxiety was released in heavy floods of tears which resembled the weather around her. She started walking slowly, down the dark street kicking the wet puddles beneath her. She started regretting being so miss understanding to Andy and felt like she was some uptight annoying girl who needed to start living a little. She also was kicking herself inside for being so ‘bitchy' to her old friend and knew that she had made such a fool out of herself. The street lamps were on a s she slowly struggled by. Rain bounced on the pavements. Rain, endless rain. Doubt, endless doubt. Then suddenly she stayed still, and listened. Immediately she turned and looked down the alley. Fir some reason Andy seemed close as her heart beat rapidly, as the rain began to poor and the mascara now dripping from her face, it masked her ever flowing flood of tears. â€Å"Andy, Andy baby!† a light seemed to be growing in the distance and seconds later, heard the sounds of footsteps coming up the alley. She saw a figure, large built but quite small. Head and shoulders first, walking steadily, there shadow, cast the light behind them reaching out towards Laura, lengthening as they reached the summit. He was nothing, nothing she recognized. A dark figure haloed in light. She waited, and couldn't speak. â€Å"Do you know him?† he asked, pointing up the moonlit alley. Laura stood for a second as she made out a figure lying on the ground wit drops of rain reflecting of them. She squinted and for a second and realised who it maybe. She ran like she had never ran before as she came to terms with Andy lying in the middle of the alley all cut and unconscious like, in a puddle of his own red blood. â€Å"Andy, it's me Laura!† she exclaimed, as she knelt behind him. He didn't reply. There was the heart beat again rushing through her ears. She backed away from him tears springing to her eyes. She turned to the man behind her which in all the rush she didn't know was actually a cop on duty. Now, the cop by her side leaning over Andy drenched in his blood, the cop put his arm around Laura saying â€Å"he's dead†. Silence flooded the area, even sounds of cars disappeared, just the heart beat stayed in contact with her. ‘bub bum, bub bum' pounding through her ears. She stood up in the rain and said nothing, looking at her dead partner on the pavement and looked at the purple jacket screwed up and drenched in water and his diluted blood. The cop picked up the jacket and turned it over in his hands, â€Å"A Royal, huh† he asked as Laura looked at the cop and very quietly in a murmured voice, â€Å"His name is Andy†. The cop flung the jacket over his arm and took out his notebook and flipped it over to a blank page. â€Å"A Royal† he said. Then he began writing. Laura bit her lip and didn't now what to do or what to say. She felt sorrow rush through her body that was filled with an emptiness that made her have no feelings. She could not cry anymore, the shock was so overpowering. Then she looked across at the cop. In his tight pressed trousers there was a gun half out of his pouch wanting to be clasped as the handle was facing up. Laura did not say or move. She stared at it as the cop carried on talking and writing, talking and writing. What he said she heard blurred as her focus was on the gun. The cop looked up at her as he repeated a sentence over and over but Laura still focusing did not reply. She immediately acted on her instinct and grabbed the gun from the tight pouch and†¦

The Power of Light in The Scarlet Letter Essay - 661 Words

The Power of Light in The Scarlet Letter Since the conception of humanity, man has been fascinated with that presence which illuminates, yet cannot be touched. Mankind has brought it into his religions, giving it a great deal of importance in his creed. Following in the footsteps of his ancestors, Nathaniel Hawthorne uses light as a tool of God that illuminates the darkness of human iniquity and exposes its permanence. He studies the psychological theme of the impossibility of eradicating sin from the human heart in his novel The Scarlet Letter. The use of light in order to fortify this psychological theme confirms its significance in the novel. As though he were weaving an†¦show more content†¦Through the narrators words, we see the Governors house as Hester sees it: ...though partly muffled by a curtain, it [the hallway] was more powerfully illuminated by one of those embowed hall windows... (Hawthorne 101). One can envision the brilliant sunlight streaming though the immense window, slicing through the facade of the Governors feigned sanctity. Is not simplicity one of the fundamental tenets of the Puritan faith? Yet Bellingham, the very person that passed judgment on Hester and her sin is laid bare to the readers opened eye. Here, light shows Governor Bellingham to be corrupt due to his improvident lifestyle. In his genius, Hawthorne defines light not only as a presence, but as an animate consciousness. Still acting as a tool of God, light seems to run away from Hester when she tries to touch it. Pearl, in her inexplicable intuitiveness, says to Hester, ...the sunshine does not love you. It runs away and hides itself, because it is afraid of something on your bosom (Hawthorne 180). Although Pearl makes this comment concerning the scarlet A, one may argue that the sunlight is actually afraid of Hesters sin, and not the scarlet A. 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